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FAO Summit and agreement USA-China

From November 17 to November 19,a FAO summit was held in Rome on alimentary security.
The summit ended without no decisions on the campaign against famine and climate changes which strictly related to her.

Jacques Diouf

This was due to the poor participation from world leaders as FAO general director Diouf said.
During the summit the general secretary of ONU BAN KI Moon intervened on climate issue. He confirmed that there be cannot alimentary security without climate security.
The secretary explained the importance of the next summit in Copenhagen which the negotiations will have to meet three criteria:

- Both the countries in the North and South governments will have to commit themselves to reduce GHG emissions.

- It is Necessary to invest 10 billion $ to take measures to mitigate the effects of climate changes in Developing countries.

- It is necessary to work for a transparent governance with reports and monitorings.

He concluded saying "I want to fight for an agreement on climate which forces countries to a mutual and reciprocal responsibilities. Only a negotiate with this characteristics can function and contribute to the alimentary security of the world where is unacceptable that one billion of people suffer from famine."

Ban Ki Moon

After the failure of the FAO summit in Rome, USA and China have signed an agreement on November 27th at APEC(Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation) following the proposal of the Danish leader.
The Danish Leader has concerned new deadlines for the next year to write a final binding accord about GHG emissions.
Thus the meaning of the world climate conference in Copenhagen will be diminished.
Barack Obama who have had any difficulties in his country on approving the package about climate changes has joined the Danish leader‘s propose.
China, even if it has an industry of recent development, is under pressure because she has to reduce his GHG emissions so she is estimating the Danish leader's propose.

The leaders of USA and China at APEC summit

Negotiations of Bangkok

From September 28 to October 9, an international climate conference has been held in Bangkok. The conference was attended by 180 countries.
Observers claim that the conference has not leveled all the existing tensions between rich and poor countries yet. Tensions remain above all on two key issues: the funds to be destined to the poorest nations and the commitment by the rich countries to cut greenhouse gases.

The proposals concern:

the reduction of the emissions in the rich countries by 25-40%
the provision of subsidize to support the modernization of the industrial technologies in the Poor Countries which often fed using fossil fuels.

UE has published a plan for financing the fight against global warming in Developing Countries.
It proposes a EU contribution of between €2bn and €15bn a year by 2020.

G20 Pittsburgh: Climate, The Big Loser

The G20 held in Pittsburgh on September 24-25 th 2009 i.e,the great summit on the economy of the most industrialized countries in the world,has highlighted the conviction that it is necessary to establish a new world order to reverse the present economic downturn.

This implies rethinking energy politics as well as considering that industrial development and use of renewable sources start to weigh on the International Economy.

The leaders of the 20 largest economies in the world have recognized the urgent necessity to reach an agreement during the next G20 on climate change in Copenhagen.
The agreement should point the world towards a green economy model in order to face the devastating impact of climate changes.

The industrialized Countries must commit themselves to sustain the Developing Countries to face climate changes and to invest more on renewable energy.
The G20 leaders have not taken any specific decision on green economy;they only required theFinance Ministers to continue their own job and to introduce a range of alternatives during their November meeting in Scotland, which could be further considered during the negotiationsin Copenhagen.

There have been encouraging political signals both from the Industrialized and Developing Countries but time is short and concrete measures should be taken quickly.
The rich Countries, and particularly the United States,Europe and Japan, cannot use developing economies as an excuse anymore.
Instead they must grant funds suitable to reach a global accord in Copenhagen." The meeting in Pittsburgh has failed to to reach this goal" Maria Grazia Medulla said. She is responsible for Climate and Energy for the WWF Italy.

Progress has been made as regards the gradual elimination of benefits to fossil fuels usage.
In fact a declaration given before the end of the Summit states that an accord has been reached on the progressive elimination of subsidies granted in the field of fossil fuels in countries such as Russia and India.
However, no precise deadlines have been set, nor definite actions taken yet. The G20 political leaders have put off any decisions to the next summit.

The elimination of the benefits to fossil fuels means that hundreds of millions of dollars can potentially be used for the development of clean energies and that these could bemadeaccessible also to poor Countries.

"If taken seriously, the elimination of the benefits or fossil fuel usages can be a major opportunity to removeincentives encouraging oil pollution and to employ money on the development of clean energies both in the Industrialized and in developing Countries" Mariagrazia Midulla said.

Japan has announced a cut on emissions by 25% by 2020. China has announced ambitious commitments to reduce emissions.
Now the world looks at the America of President Obama. Unlike his predecessor George Bush,The new President recognizes human impact on climate change but will he meet the commitments he has taken?

Negotiations on climate change will begin on Monday 28 September when negotiators from 192 Countries meet in Bangkok.

Climate changes

L'Aquila G8 Summit has boosted the international negotiations on climate change, bringing the different positions of the G8 countries closer and laying the foundations for the attainment of an effective global agreement at the next UN Conference in Copenhagen.

THE CHALLENGE

Greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere due to human activity have increased by 70% since 1970 and the concentration of such gases is causing global warming with potential devastating consequences for the present and future generations (according to the the United Nations Intergovernmental Group on Climati Change - IPCC - in their 4th Evaluation report, published in the 2007)

This challenge must be faced in a definitive and effective way. Very recent analyses have shown that the costs of inaction are clearly higher than those derived from taking steps towards a low carbon.dioxide model.
The Kyoto Protocol, the agreement linked to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), signed in 1997 and entered into force in 2005 sets binding targets for 37 industrialized countries and the European community for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions .These amount to an average of five per cent against 1990 levels over the five-year period 2008-2012. However, The Kyoto Protocol which will be valid until 2012 has not been ratified by all the countries responsible for the highest level of emission of greenhouses gases into the atmosphere.and it doesn't set any targets for the developing countries in order for them to reduce greenhouse gas release

At the 2007 Bali Conference, all countries which took part in the United Nation Framework Convention on Climate concurred to reach an agreement by the end of 2009 for a period stretching up to 2012. This will take place at the Un Conference in Copenhagen, although the participating countries still maintain very different positions.

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THE CHALLENGE